Showing posts with label capacitors. Show all posts
Showing posts with label capacitors. Show all posts
Friday, November 14, 2014
Sunday, May 11, 2014
Flexible supercapacitor raises bar for volumetric energy density
Scientists have taken a large step toward making a fiber-like energy storage device that can be woven into clothing and power wearable medical monitors, communications equipment or other small electronics.
Saturday, February 23, 2013
More Good News About Supercaps
Looks like I am going to win my bet.
That battery life video that had gone viral due to a recent post on UpWorthy (and which we told you about Tuesday) now has an update. We told you that researchers at Ric Kamen's lab at UCLA had found a way to make a non-toxic, highly efficient energy storage medium out of pure carbon using absurdly simple technology. Today, we can report that the same team may well have found a way to make that process scale up to mass-production levels.
That battery life video that had gone viral due to a recent post on UpWorthy (and which we told you about Tuesday) now has an update. We told you that researchers at Ric Kamen's lab at UCLA had found a way to make a non-toxic, highly efficient energy storage medium out of pure carbon using absurdly simple technology. Today, we can report that the same team may well have found a way to make that process scale up to mass-production levels.
The recap: Graphene, a very simple carbon polymer, can be used as the basic component of a "supercapacitor" -- an electrical power storage device that charges far more rapidly than chemical batteries. Unlike other supercapacitors, though, graphene's structure also offers a high "energy density," -- it can hold a lot of electrons, meaning that it could conceivably rival or outperform batteries in the amount of charge it can hold. Kaner Lab researcher Maher El-Kady found a way to create sheets of graphene a single carbon atom thick by covering a plastic surface with graphite oxide solution and bombarding it with precisely controlled laser light.
English translation: He painted a DVD with a liquid carbon solution and stuck it into a standard-issue DVD burner.
The result: Absurdly cheap graphene sheets one atom thick, which held a surprising amount of charge without further modification.
That work was reported a year ago; we mentioned it due to the video virally making the rounds this week. Late Tuesday, UCLA announced that El-Kady and Kaner have a new article in press, in the upcoming issue of Nature Communications, describing a method by which El-Kady's earlier, slightly homebrewed fabricating process shown in the video can be made more efficient, raising the possibility of mass production. As the authors say in their article abstract,
More than 100 micro-supercapacitors can be produced on a single disc in 30 min or less.
El-Kady and Kaner found a way to embed small electrodes within each graphene unit, and place the whole thing on a flexible substrate that allows the supercapacitor to be bent. The team is already claiming energy density comparable to existing thin-film lithium ion batteries.
In the video we shared Tuesday, Kaner says that this technology, if it pans out, offers possibilities like a smart phone getting a full day's charge in a second or two, or an electric car reaching "full" in a minute. This week's press release from UCLA offers other intriguing possibilities:
The new micro-supercapacitors are also highly bendable and twistable, making them potentially useful as energy-storage devices in flexible electronics like roll-up displays and TVs, e-paper, and even wearable electronics. The researchers showed the utility of their new laser-scribed graphene micro-supercapacitor in an all-solid form, which would enable any new device incorporating them to be more easily shaped and flexible. The micro-supercapacitors can also be fabricated directly on a chip using the same technique, making them highly useful for integration into micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors (CMOS). As they can be directly integrated on-chip, these micro-supercapacitors may help to better extract energy from solar, mechanical and thermal sources and thus make more efficient self-powered systems. They could also be fabricated on the backside of solar cells in both portable devices and rooftop installations to store power generated during the day for use after sundown, helping to provide electricity around the clock when connection to the grid is not possible.
Kaner says that his lab is now looking for partners in industry that can help make these graphene supercapacitors on an industrial scale.
It's tempting to be cynical about the possibility of a magic bullet energy storage solution; such a breakthrough could solve any number of problems from annoying dead smart phones to two-hour charge times for electric cars to an inefficient power distribution grid, and it's easy to really want this kind of thing to be true. Plenty of seemingly promising technical innovations in the last few years haven't lived up to their hopeful hype. There's always the chance that further study will reveal a fatal flaw in graphene supercapacitor technology.
Monday, March 26, 2012
Flexible, paper-based supercapacitor could improve performance of hybrid electric vehicles
(PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists know that using supercapacitors in conjunction with batteries could greatly increase the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the fact that supercapacitors can recover and supply energy much more quickly than batteries. This ability, for example, allows
Sunday, June 5, 2011
Graphene-based supercapacitor hits new energy storage high
From Gizmag: Graphene-based supercapacitor hits new energy storage high
A breakthrough in supercapacitor performance has been achieved with the development of a device that can store as much energy as a battery while recharging in seconds. The graphene-based supercapacitor being developed in the U.S. by researchers at Nanotek Instruments can store as much energy per unit mass as nickel metal hydride batteries and could one day be used to help deliver almost instant charging to recharge mobile phones, digital cameras or micro electric vehicles.
With the high surface area of their electrodes and an extremely narrow gap between the electrodes, supercapacitors, also known as electric double-layer capacitors or electrochemical capacitors, can store a large amount of electrical charge in a tiny volume. The newly developed device has electrodes made graphene mixed with an acetylene black called Super P that acts as a conductive additive and a binder that holds it all together. The resulting slurry is coated onto the surface of a current collector and assembled in coin-sized capacitors. The electrolyte-electrode interface is made of "Celguard-3501" and the electrolyte is a chemical called EMIMBF4.
Specific energy density of the new capacitor (a measure of how much electricity can be stored per weight) has been measured at 85.6 Wh/kg at room temperature and 136 Wh/kg at 80 degrees Celsius (176 F), which is comparable to Ni-mh batteries. These are the best values for electric double layer supercapacitors based on carbon nanomaterials recorded to date.
"This new technology makes for an energy storage device that stores nearly as much energy as in a battery but which can be recharged in seconds or minutes," Jang said. "We believe that this is truly a breakthrough in energy technology."
The team, which includes scientists from Angstron Materials in the U.S. and Dalian University of Technology in China, is now trying to further improve the energy density of the device.
"Our goal is to make a supercapacitor that stores as much energy as the best lithium-ion batteries (for the same weight) but which can still be recharged in less than two minutes," Jang said. "Despite the theoretically high specific surface area of single-layer graphene (which can reach up to 2.675 m2/g), a supercapacitance of 550 F/g has not been reached in a real device because the graphene sheets tend to re-stack together. We are trying to overcome this problem by developing a strategy that prevents the graphene sheets from sticking to each other face-to-face. This can be achieved if curved graphene sheets are used instead of flat ones."
 |
| High surface area of graphene make supercapcitors possible |
With the high surface area of their electrodes and an extremely narrow gap between the electrodes, supercapacitors, also known as electric double-layer capacitors or electrochemical capacitors, can store a large amount of electrical charge in a tiny volume. The newly developed device has electrodes made graphene mixed with an acetylene black called Super P that acts as a conductive additive and a binder that holds it all together. The resulting slurry is coated onto the surface of a current collector and assembled in coin-sized capacitors. The electrolyte-electrode interface is made of "Celguard-3501" and the electrolyte is a chemical called EMIMBF4.
Specific energy density of the new capacitor (a measure of how much electricity can be stored per weight) has been measured at 85.6 Wh/kg at room temperature and 136 Wh/kg at 80 degrees Celsius (176 F), which is comparable to Ni-mh batteries. These are the best values for electric double layer supercapacitors based on carbon nanomaterials recorded to date.
"This new technology makes for an energy storage device that stores nearly as much energy as in a battery but which can be recharged in seconds or minutes," Jang said. "We believe that this is truly a breakthrough in energy technology."
The team, which includes scientists from Angstron Materials in the U.S. and Dalian University of Technology in China, is now trying to further improve the energy density of the device.
"Our goal is to make a supercapacitor that stores as much energy as the best lithium-ion batteries (for the same weight) but which can still be recharged in less than two minutes," Jang said. "Despite the theoretically high specific surface area of single-layer graphene (which can reach up to 2.675 m2/g), a supercapacitance of 550 F/g has not been reached in a real device because the graphene sheets tend to re-stack together. We are trying to overcome this problem by developing a strategy that prevents the graphene sheets from sticking to each other face-to-face. This can be achieved if curved graphene sheets are used instead of flat ones."
Integrating Capacitors Into Car Frames
From Slashdot: Integrating Capacitors Into Car Frames
"It has long been recognized that adding capacitors in parallel with batteries can improve the performance of hybrid and electric vehicles by accepting and supplying spikes of power, which reduces stress on the battery pack, extending range and improving cycle life. The challenge has been figuring out where to put them, when batteries already compete for space. A new research prototype from Imperial College London has integrated them into the body panels and structural frame of the vehicle itself. In their prototype, carbon fiber serves as both the structure for the vehicle and electrode for the energy storage sandwiched within."
"It has long been recognized that adding capacitors in parallel with batteries can improve the performance of hybrid and electric vehicles by accepting and supplying spikes of power, which reduces stress on the battery pack, extending range and improving cycle life. The challenge has been figuring out where to put them, when batteries already compete for space. A new research prototype from Imperial College London has integrated them into the body panels and structural frame of the vehicle itself. In their prototype, carbon fiber serves as both the structure for the vehicle and electrode for the energy storage sandwiched within."
Tuesday, May 24, 2011
Friday, March 25, 2011
Styrofoam to create incredibly fast-charging batteries
From Engadget: Styrofoam touches electrodes to create incredibly fast-charging wonderbatteries
Elon Musk's heart may have already given up on the humble battery, lusting after capacitors, but researchers at the University of Illinois have think there's life in the 'ol cells yet, creating batteries that charge and discharge in seconds. They've found a way to create electrodes using polystyrene beads as a sort of substrate, tiny spheres helping to set the porosity of either the nickel-metal hydride or lithium-manganese capacitor material. By adjusting the size and density of the bean bag innards the team was able to create an electrode porosity of 94 percent, which is just a few ticks short of theoretically ideal for exposing the maximum surface area of the electrode to the battery material. This results in extremely fast charges and discharges, the NiMH cell hitting 90 percent capacity in just 20 seconds and discharging in as quickly as 2.7 seconds. While we don't know just what kind of charging system the team was using to achieve this, even assuming a high-amperage stream of electrons this is still a remarkable feat. But, like most major advances there's a drawback: similar to Toshiba's SCiB batts the capacity of these cells is only about three quarters what it would be using normal battery construction, meaning you'd need roughly 25 percent more mass to get the same range in your ultra-fast charging EV of the future. That might just be a worthy trade-off.
Nature Nanotechnology, University of Illinois
Elon Musk's heart may have already given up on the humble battery, lusting after capacitors, but researchers at the University of Illinois have think there's life in the 'ol cells yet, creating batteries that charge and discharge in seconds. They've found a way to create electrodes using polystyrene beads as a sort of substrate, tiny spheres helping to set the porosity of either the nickel-metal hydride or lithium-manganese capacitor material. By adjusting the size and density of the bean bag innards the team was able to create an electrode porosity of 94 percent, which is just a few ticks short of theoretically ideal for exposing the maximum surface area of the electrode to the battery material. This results in extremely fast charges and discharges, the NiMH cell hitting 90 percent capacity in just 20 seconds and discharging in as quickly as 2.7 seconds. While we don't know just what kind of charging system the team was using to achieve this, even assuming a high-amperage stream of electrons this is still a remarkable feat. But, like most major advances there's a drawback: similar to Toshiba's SCiB batts the capacity of these cells is only about three quarters what it would be using normal battery construction, meaning you'd need roughly 25 percent more mass to get the same range in your ultra-fast charging EV of the future. That might just be a worthy trade-off.
Nature Nanotechnology, University of Illinois
Friday, December 31, 2010
I believe Supercaps will win out over battery technology
Article: Graphene-based supercapacitor hits new energy storage high
Caps don't have any degradation with charge discharge cycles like batteries.
They never wear out!
There are electrolytic caps that that are used in TV's and they dry out with heat, that's not usage related. There life is depended on the oil used evaporating and not the capacitor itself.
But a graphene based supercap can charge almost instantly. can also discharge just as fast.
Caps typically can't hold a charge as long as a battery though. So maybe a month or two sitting idle it would loose much of it's charge where a battery would still keep it.
From a theoretical side, of a cap was made from layer of superconductor and super dielectric, then it would have an almost unlimited storage capacity, limited only be the electrical breakdown of the materials.
When I was studying materials it was interesting to find that the best dielectrics had superconducting "zones" in them that would hold repelling charges. I didn't quite understand it all, but it seemed that it was a similar problem to making superconductors.
So I suspect a cryogenic capacitor device if developed could hold massive power.
As I mentioned in my reply that was the electrolyte causing problems in just that one type of cap. There are many types of caps most will last for ever or to be more precise do not degrade from use. Think of a radio circuit. The caps charge and discharge million of times per second.
The fundamental operation of a cap is two conductors with an insulator. The charge is determined by distance and surface area.
Nothing deteriorates.
With electrolytic the insulator is the boundary between a coated metallic surface and the electrolyte that form a super thin insulated layer in only one polarity. Before. Nanotech it was the most efficient way. Is it still dirt cheap. Paper and foil soaked in an oily electrolyte
======================================================
If there are super conductors, then are there are there super non-conductors?
Like a super dielectric?
Is this possible, what would it look like? Is cold better for dielectrics?
If this is possible then battery's are dead.
The capacitors energy storage goes up at the square of the voltage.
EEStor a vendor to GM for the volt came up with super caps that operate at 3600V while most super cap research was going for thinner and lower voltage dielectrics. The EEstor is the first supercap to be at 400 Watt hr per KG where Li-Ion batteries are at 200 and 1700 in the lab.
With a super dielectric we could do 1Million Volt caps that could store enough energy to power an electric vehicle for months with far higher power to weight ratios then hydrocarbons or batteries.
I had an idea to use computational chemistry to explore this, but maybe there is already something in the literature?
---
> Only if it also has a "super" dielectric breakdown strength.
That's really what it's about a crystals (most likely) ability to resist conducting electricity and also have the mechanical strength to resist the mechanical forces to punch a hole through.
Vacuum doesn't make for a good HV capacitor.
JVP you'd appreciate this link, seems there is some geometric structures that make this material Super-K CCTO CaCu3Ti4O12 a very good dielectric, it has some interesting properties at low temperatures too.
The point of a super dielectric is to keep the gap distance as small as possible while increasing the voltage.
One article I found
http://www.azom.com/details.
John
------------
>It's a common misconception that raising the voltage of a capacitor increases its energy storage density. This isn't true!
>Remember, to increase the voltage means that the gap, d, has to increase in linear proportion to maintain the same safety factor for a give dielectric breakdown strength.
The problem is with manufacturing. With ultra thin dielectrics the smallest imperfections will kill the device. So building thick dielectrics are less affected by defects.
It's the difference between clean rooms where a spec of dust will kill your device vs. something that can be made in a machine shop and full of dust and debris with no affect what so ever.
I'll never forget back in High School we made a Induction heater, the powersuppy was running at over 10KV and we made a massive bank of capacitors from sheets of glass and aluminum foil. Point being is that had we used lower voltages and thinner dielectrics then the precision and defect tolerances would have dropped accordingly.
John,
I'd like to know about longevity. Does it continue to store energy after 100 charges or 1000 charges? No mention made of that.
I'd like to know about longevity. Does it continue to store energy after 100 charges or 1000 charges? No mention made of that.
Caps don't have any degradation with charge discharge cycles like batteries.
They never wear out!
There are electrolytic caps that that are used in TV's and they dry out with heat, that's not usage related. There life is depended on the oil used evaporating and not the capacitor itself.
But a graphene based supercap can charge almost instantly. can also discharge just as fast.
Caps typically can't hold a charge as long as a battery though. So maybe a month or two sitting idle it would loose much of it's charge where a battery would still keep it.
From a theoretical side, of a cap was made from layer of superconductor and super dielectric, then it would have an almost unlimited storage capacity, limited only be the electrical breakdown of the materials.
When I was studying materials it was interesting to find that the best dielectrics had superconducting "zones" in them that would hold repelling charges. I didn't quite understand it all, but it seemed that it was a similar problem to making superconductors.
So I suspect a cryogenic capacitor device if developed could hold massive power.
I beg to differ.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/
http://www.google.com/search?
Even without industrial counter-espionage aged capacitors are a major killer of old PCs.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/
http://www.google.com/search?
Even without industrial counter-espionage aged capacitors are a major killer of old PCs.
As I mentioned in my reply that was the electrolyte causing problems in just that one type of cap. There are many types of caps most will last for ever or to be more precise do not degrade from use. Think of a radio circuit. The caps charge and discharge million of times per second.
The fundamental operation of a cap is two conductors with an insulator. The charge is determined by distance and surface area.
Nothing deteriorates.
With electrolytic the insulator is the boundary between a coated metallic surface and the electrolyte that form a super thin insulated layer in only one polarity. Before. Nanotech it was the most efficient way. Is it still dirt cheap. Paper and foil soaked in an oily electrolyte
======================================================
If there are super conductors, then are there are there super non-conductors?
Like a super dielectric?
Is this possible, what would it look like? Is cold better for dielectrics?
If this is possible then battery's are dead.
The capacitors energy storage goes up at the square of the voltage.
EEStor a vendor to GM for the volt came up with super caps that operate at 3600V while most super cap research was going for thinner and lower voltage dielectrics. The EEstor is the first supercap to be at 400 Watt hr per KG where Li-Ion batteries are at 200 and 1700 in the lab.
With a super dielectric we could do 1Million Volt caps that could store enough energy to power an electric vehicle for months with far higher power to weight ratios then hydrocarbons or batteries.
I had an idea to use computational chemistry to explore this, but maybe there is already something in the literature?
---
Dear John,
"If there are super conductors, then [are there] super non-conductors?"--JS
Heaviside calls a "conductor" an "obstructor". It obstructs the passage of electromagnetic energy. The superconductor has a zero propagation speed for electromagnetic waves. The degree of obstruction is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to its speed in the dielectric- the index of refraction. This is the source of the dielectric constant, which is simply another way of expressing the index (~lost knowledge, by the way). So THE "super" dielectric is the vacuum, since the speed of light in vacuum cannot be exceeded.
"The capacitors energy storage goes up at the square of the voltage...
With a super dielectric we could do 1Million Volt caps that could store enough energy to power an electric vehicle for months with far higher power to weight ratios then hydrocarbons or batteries." --JS
Only if it also has a "super" dielectric breakdown strength. Resend-
============
It a common misconception that raising the voltage of a capacitor increases its energy storage density. This isn't true!
There are four major variables- the plate area, the gap , the dielectric constant ( a ~linear function of permittivity), and the dielectric breakdown strength, which is the maximum do-not-exceed electric field strength, in e.g. volts/meter, for a given material.
Consider the equations for capacity and for energy stored-
(1) C = constant1*A/d , where the constant1 is material permittivity, A is the plate area and d is plate gap, and for energy
(2) E = CV^2/2 (This is what makes increasing the voltage look very tempting.)
Substitute (1) into (2) to get
(3) E = constant2*A*V^2/d (with the 2-factor absorbed into constant2)
Multiply through by A/A to get
(4) E = constant2* (AV)^2/Vol
Assume that the volume of a capacitor made out of materials X and Y is proportional to its mass, i.e. constant density for any size, then
(5) Vol = A*d (and mass = Vol* density)
Remember, to increase the voltage means that the gap, d, has to increase in linear proportion to maintain the same safety factor for a give dielectric breakdown strength.
"If there are super conductors, then [are there] super non-conductors?"--JS
Heaviside calls a "conductor" an "obstructor". It obstructs the passage of electromagnetic energy. The superconductor has a zero propagation speed for electromagnetic waves. The degree of obstruction is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to its speed in the dielectric- the index of refraction. This is the source of the dielectric constant, which is simply another way of expressing the index (~lost knowledge, by the way). So THE "super" dielectric is the vacuum, since the speed of light in vacuum cannot be exceeded.
"The capacitors energy storage goes up at the square of the voltage...
With a super dielectric we could do 1Million Volt caps that could store enough energy to power an electric vehicle for months with far higher power to weight ratios then hydrocarbons or batteries." --JS
Only if it also has a "super" dielectric breakdown strength. Resend-
============
It a common misconception that raising the voltage of a capacitor increases its energy storage density. This isn't true!
There are four major variables- the plate area, the gap , the dielectric constant ( a ~linear function of permittivity), and the dielectric breakdown strength, which is the maximum do-not-exceed electric field strength, in e.g. volts/meter, for a given material.
Consider the equations for capacity and for energy stored-
(1) C = constant1*A/d , where the constant1 is material permittivity, A is the plate area and d is plate gap, and for energy
(2) E = CV^2/2 (This is what makes increasing the voltage look very tempting.)
Substitute (1) into (2) to get
(3) E = constant2*A*V^2/d (with the 2-factor absorbed into constant2)
Multiply through by A/A to get
(4) E = constant2* (AV)^2/Vol
Assume that the volume of a capacitor made out of materials X and Y is proportional to its mass, i.e. constant density for any size, then
(5) Vol = A*d (and mass = Vol* density)
Remember, to increase the voltage means that the gap, d, has to increase in linear proportion to maintain the same safety factor for a give dielectric breakdown strength.
> Only if it also has a "super" dielectric breakdown strength.
That's really what it's about a crystals (most likely) ability to resist conducting electricity and also have the mechanical strength to resist the mechanical forces to punch a hole through.
Vacuum doesn't make for a good HV capacitor.
JVP you'd appreciate this link, seems there is some geometric structures that make this material Super-K CCTO CaCu3Ti4O12 a very good dielectric, it has some interesting properties at low temperatures too.
The point of a super dielectric is to keep the gap distance as small as possible while increasing the voltage.
One article I found
http://www.azom.com/details.
John
------------
>It's a common misconception that raising the voltage of a capacitor increases its energy storage density. This isn't true!
>Remember, to increase the voltage means that the gap, d, has to increase in linear proportion to maintain the same safety factor for a give dielectric breakdown strength.
The problem is with manufacturing. With ultra thin dielectrics the smallest imperfections will kill the device. So building thick dielectrics are less affected by defects.
It's the difference between clean rooms where a spec of dust will kill your device vs. something that can be made in a machine shop and full of dust and debris with no affect what so ever.
I'll never forget back in High School we made a Induction heater, the powersuppy was running at over 10KV and we made a massive bank of capacitors from sheets of glass and aluminum foil. Point being is that had we used lower voltages and thinner dielectrics then the precision and defect tolerances would have dropped accordingly.
Friday, January 8, 2010
super caps will win for electric vehicles
Read: Battery Costs For Electric Cars Versus Prius from future pundit
Battery technology is too expenive heavy, takes too long to charge and needs replacing every 5 to 10 years.
There are also concerns that the exotic metals and chemicals need make them will in short supply if we try to scale up the number of electric vehicles on the road.
My argument for supercaps winning is this.
Battery technology is too expenive heavy, takes too long to charge and needs replacing every 5 to 10 years.
There are also concerns that the exotic metals and chemicals need make them will in short supply if we try to scale up the number of electric vehicles on the road.
My argument for supercaps winning is this.
I am telling ya, supercaps will win. There is a system for bussed now where they can recharge at each stop.http://thegreentank.blogspot.com/2009/10/ultracapacitor-bus-recharges-at-each.html
I can easily see highways and roads with spots that can recharge cars as they are driving.
They can be every few feet or even every few miles along the road, maybe make a special lane for them. Dynamic mircopayments can be done for charging for the electricity sold and it can be supply from solar along road side or off the grid.
See a story I wrote with my vision for this. http://johnsokol.blogspot.com/2009/11/apple-part-1.html
I can easily see highways and roads with spots that can recharge cars as they are driving.
They can be every few feet or even every few miles along the road, maybe make a special lane for them. Dynamic mircopayments can be done for charging for the electricity sold and it can be supply from solar along road side or off the grid.
See a story I wrote with my vision for this. http://johnsokol.blogspot.com/2009/11/apple-part-1.html
Monday, November 9, 2009
Supercaps
There are super conductors, and would you believe there are super dielectrics!
In theory you could store an almost unlimited amount of power in a cap made of super conductors and super dielectrics.
So "in theory" you could store enough electricity in a sugar cube to drive for years.
In reality neither material would be perfect setting upper limits. Still EESTOR's super caps at 3600 V can complete with lithium Ion batteries in power to weight already.
There is no reason why we don't have 1MV super caps.
There is no one looking at super conductors or dielectrics for caps right now. Most are building supercaps that are only good for 1 Volt or very low voltages, which means the dielectrics are super thin and therefor must be almost perfect in order not the short out.
The thicker the dielectrics the less perfection on the nano scale is needed.
I bet in 2015 we are still driving gasoline based cars and almost nothing would have changed, but just a lot of political rhetoric as people die from climate change.
http://thegreentank.blogspot.com/2009/10/ultracapacitor-bus-recharges-at-each.html
They aren't using the best supercaps, just the cheapest ones.
--------
Dielectrics.
In the EEStor patent they were claiming 610 V/um breakdown voltages for Aluminum coated CMBT, this is astonishing since I was having a hard time finding anything else above 100 V/um with Mica at 140 to 210 V/um
1100 V/um for bulk alumina which is basically Aluminum oxide also know as Saphire.
But can you really get this in a bulk manufactured product?
Super Dielectrics.
Perovskite with High Dielectric Constant May Lead to High Performance Capacitors
Perovskite crystals, seems there are some geometric structures that make this material Super-K CCTO CaCu3Ti4O12 a very good dielectric, it has some interesting properties at low temeratures too.
Physicists discover the 'superinsulator'
--------
EEStor Issued a Patent For Its Supercapacitor
US Patent 7466536 EEStor
TheEEStory.com News, Reviews and Discussion of EEStor Inc.
-----
US Patent 7251118 Nonplanar-Nanostructures
-----
Basic Physics of PARALLEL-PLATE CAPACITORS
Tecate Group - ultracapacitors
In theory you could store an almost unlimited amount of power in a cap made of super conductors and super dielectrics.
So "in theory" you could store enough electricity in a sugar cube to drive for years.
In reality neither material would be perfect setting upper limits. Still EESTOR's super caps at 3600 V can complete with lithium Ion batteries in power to weight already.
There is no reason why we don't have 1MV super caps.
There is no one looking at super conductors or dielectrics for caps right now. Most are building supercaps that are only good for 1 Volt or very low voltages, which means the dielectrics are super thin and therefor must be almost perfect in order not the short out.
The thicker the dielectrics the less perfection on the nano scale is needed.
I bet in 2015 we are still driving gasoline based cars and almost nothing would have changed, but just a lot of political rhetoric as people die from climate change.
http://thegreentank.blogspot.com/2009/10/ultracapacitor-bus-recharges-at-each.html
They aren't using the best supercaps, just the cheapest ones.
--------
Dielectrics.
In the EEStor patent they were claiming 610 V/um breakdown voltages for Aluminum coated CMBT, this is astonishing since I was having a hard time finding anything else above 100 V/um with Mica at 140 to 210 V/um
1100 V/um for bulk alumina which is basically Aluminum oxide also know as Saphire.
But can you really get this in a bulk manufactured product?
Super Dielectrics.
Perovskite with High Dielectric Constant May Lead to High Performance Capacitors
Perovskite crystals, seems there are some geometric structures that make this material Super-K CCTO CaCu3Ti4O12 a very good dielectric, it has some interesting properties at low temeratures too.
Physicists discover the 'superinsulator'
thin films of titanium nitride cooled towards absolute zero in a magnetic field. Although the material is usually a superconductor, in which electrical current can propagate without resistance, the team have found that in these conditions the material’s resistance rises to infinity
--------
EEStor Issued a Patent For Its Supercapacitor
US Patent 7466536 EEStor
Utilization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) plastic and composition-modified barium titanate powders in a matrix that allows polarization and the use of integrated-circuit technologies for the production of lightweight ultrahigh electrical energy storage units (EESU)
TheEEStory.com News, Reviews and Discussion of EEStor Inc.
-----
US Patent 7251118 Nonplanar-Nanostructures
Method and apparatus for large scale storage of electrical potential
Nonplanar-Nanostructures company web site-----
Basic Physics of PARALLEL-PLATE CAPACITORS
Tecate Group - ultracapacitors
Monday, October 19, 2009
Ultracapacitor Bus Recharges At Each Stop
From Slashdot:
Ultracapacitor Bus Recharges At Each Stop
"A US company and its Chinese partner are piloting a bus powered by ultracapacitors in Washington DC. Ultracapacitors lack the capacity of regular batteries but are considerably cheaper and can be recharge completely in under a minute. Sinautec Automobile Technologies, based in Arlington, VA, and its Chinese partner, Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Company, have spent the past three years demonstrating the approach with 17 municipal buses on the outskirts of Shanghai. The executive director of Sinautec touts the energy efficiency of this approach: 'Even if you use the dirtiest coal plant on the planet [to charge an ultracapacitor], it generates a third of the carbon dioxide of diesel.'"
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The ultracapacitors manufactured by Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co., Ltd. They are made of activated carbon and have an energy density of six watt-hours per kilogram. (For comparison, a high-performance lithium-ion battery can achieve 200 watt-hours per kilogram.)
http://www.sinautecus.com/
| Maximum Speed: | 30 MPH | |
| Power Source: | 5.9 KWH Ultracapacitors | |
| Electric Usage: | 1.5 KWH per Mile | |
| Recharging Time: | 5-10 Minutes* | |
| Maximum Range | 3.5 Miles with full air conditioning 5.5 Miles without air conditioning | |
| Bus Weight | 12.5 Tons | |
| Acceleration: | 4 Feet / Second | |
| Maximum Slope: | 12 Degrees | |
| Voltage & Current: | 600-720V, 200A | |
| Air Conditioning: | 15 KW Air Conditioning |
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